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Angiostensin II Blockers: Life-Saving Hypertension Medications?

For many years ACE inhibitors and beta blockers have been the medications of choice in the fight against hypertension. A newer family of blood pressure reducing medications, the angiostensin II blockers, may provide even more effective life-saving treatments.

Many people taking hypertension medications stop their medications in the first year of treatment. Often this is because of side effects that interfere with quality of life. ACE inhibitors, for example, may cause dry coughs and angioedema. Angioedema causes swelling of the hands, feet, genitals, mouth or throat. Uncomfortable and unsightly, angioedema may become dangerous if swelling in the throat restricts breathing. Many of the side effects associates with ACE inhibitors occur because the drug targets a broad base of molecules within the body.

Patients undergoing treatment with angiostensin II blockers report fewer side effects and improved quality of life.

Angiostensin II blockers are much more selective than older hypertension medications: their ability to block angiostensin II without interfering with other chemicals may account for their lower range of side effects.

Blood pressure reduction through the use of angiostensin II blockers is not markedly more pronounced than it is with beta blockers or ACE inhibitors. However, recent clinical studies suggest that the angiostensin II blockers significantly reduce life-threatening hypertension complications. Such complications include strokes, heart attacks and cardiovascular death.

One of the largest clinical studies took place at the Osten University Hospital, in Sweden. A research team led by Bjorn Dahlof compared the angiostensin II blocker losartan to atenolol, a leading beta blocker in a study with 9,200 participants.

The results suggest that losartan does not reduce blood pressure any more effectively than atenolol. However, it did reduce the likelihood of hypertension-related strokes by twenty-five percent. In comparison, atenolol reduced strokes by seven percent.

During Dahlof's study, a smaller study also took place in Sweden, under the control of Lars Hjalmar of Umea University. Also comparing angiostensin II blockers and beta blockers, the study focused on people suffering from both hypertension and diabetes. This study observed 1,200 participants. Again, the likelihood of suffering a stroke or heart attack dropped twenty-five percent when the angiostensin II blockers were prescribed. The chances of actual cardiovascular death were also significantly reduced by thirty-seven percent, and overall chances of death from hypertension-related complications dropped to forty percent.

Hypertension's ability to aggravate and create cardiovascular diseases makes it one of the leading causes of death in North America. Angiostensin II blocker clinical trials such as those preformed under the supervision of Dahlof and Hjalmar are improving the quality of life of millions.

Resources

Jacobson, E. J. (2001, February). Hypertension: Update on use of angiotensin II receptor blockers. Geriatrics, 56, 20-28. Retrieved July 3, 2002, from http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m2578/2_56/71016741/p1/
article.jhtml?term=losartan+hypertension.

Hypertension Week. (2002). New generation drug losartan seen more effective than beta blocker. Retrieved July 3, 2002, from http://www.seniorhealthweek.org/NewsStories/hypertension-
story-a12.htm.



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