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Causes and Symptoms of Hypertension High blood pressure, or hypertension, affects as many as one in four Americans, and 1/3 of those may not even know they have it. Hypertension can affect people of any age, including children. However, hypertension generally affects men in their 40s, while women tend to develop it around menopause. Some people are at a higher risk to develop hypertension, including older people and African Americans. More than 40 percent of African Americans have hypertension, and they tend to develop it at a younger age than people of other races who suffer from the disease. Symptoms of High Blood Pressure People often refer to hypertension as the Silent Killer because it often has no distinct symptoms. Undiagnosed hypertension can lead to severe illness or death. A person may not even know he has hypertension until he goes to the doctor for another reason. Although hypertension may have no specific symptoms, call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following: Headache, especially if it is severe or comes on suddenly Fatigue Vision Problems, including blurring or partial or total vision loss Chest Pain Breathing Problems Irregular Heartbeat. What is Blood Pressure? Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. The harder the heart must work to push the blood through the body, the higher the blood pressure will be. Blood pressure is calculated by two measurements. The first measures your systolic blood pressure, which is the pressure that is applied to the blood vessels as the heart pumps blood into the body. This second measures your diastolic blood pressure, which is the pressure against the blood vessels as the blood returns to the heart. Blood pressure is determined to be low, normal or high, depending on where it falls within the following chart: Normal: Below 120/80 Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89 Stage 1 Hypertension: 140-159/90-99 Stage 2 Hypertension: 160+/100+. Prehypertension Physicians one considered prehypertension a gray area between normal blood pressure and hypertension. We now know, however, that prehypertension is more than just a gray area. As many as 59 million people in the U.S. fall in the prehypertension category. According to a study published in Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association, a person with prehypertension is almost twice as likely to have heart disease as a person with normal blood pressure. If you are diagnosed with prehypertension, your doctor will likely prescribe lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of developing hypertension. These changes include adopting a healthy diet and exercise program. If your doctor determines that your blood pressure is already too high, she may prescribe medication in addition to lifestyle changes. Causes of Hypertension There are many causes of high blood pressure. Familial, or genetic, hypertension can run in families. If you know your family has a history of hypertension, stroke or kidney disease, it is important to get regular checkups, and to monitor your blood pressure. There are also other causes of high blood pressure that can be controlled, including: Smoking: It is not easy but it is vital to quit smoking in order to lower blood pressure. Smoking causes the arteries to harden and forces the heart to work harder. Quitting smoking will also reduce the risk of many other diseases, including heart disease, emphysema and cancer. Obesity: Researchers have found that patients with hypertension are twice as likely to die from heart attack or stroke than patients with normal blood pressure. Heart patients who lose weight lower their blood pressure and reduce their risk of dying from a heart attack. Inactivity: Lack of exercise weakens the heart and causes it to work harder to pump blood through the body. As little as 20 to 30 minutes a day of a low-impact exercise such as walking can lower blood pressure. Always check with your doctor before beginning an exercise program. Diet: Dietary sodium, or table salt, may increase blood pressure in some people. Reducing salt intake may help prevent high blood pressure. Eating food containing too much saturated fat can also cause high blood pressure. Alcohol: More than one drink a day can increase blood pressure as well as cause other problems with the liver or kidneys. Stress: Emotional or physical stress can lead to hypertension. Aging: Most people develop an increase in blood pressure as a normal part of the aging process. Learn about ways to keep blood pressure within a normal range to reduce the risk of age-related hypertension. Pregnancy: Preeclampsia is a form of high blood pressure that can affect pregnant women. It usually occurs in the second trimester and may be accompanied by symptoms such as swelling of the hands and feet and sudden weight gain. This is potentially a very dangerous condition. If a woman experiences these symptoms, she should contact her doctor immediately. Untreated hypertension can lead to stroke, heart failure, heart attack, kidney failure and blindness. Regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle are important for keeping high blood pressure under control.

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