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Genital Herpes

Since it was first identified in ancient Greece, the herpes simplex virus has been a source of frustration both for the people who suffer from outbreaks and for the practitioners who treat them. Modern science has developed new, more effective ways of limiting both the severity and the frequency of genital herpes (HSV 2) outbreaks. New research indicates that a means to prevent infection may be close at hand.

An estimated 22 percent of the general world population has HSV 2, and in the United States alone 40 to 60 million people are infected. (This number does not include the over 100 million people in the U.S. who have HSV 1, or cold sores). Given the sheer number of those who are afflicted with the condition, the need to develop a means of prevention is vital. Cutting edge developments in the areas of genetic research, molecular virology and microbiology have identified potential sources of genital herpes vaccines.

Evaluating Herpes Vaccines

Two different avenues are currently being evaluated for potential herpes vaccine development. The first is the use of live viruses. In its most basic form, this method involves using a virus from an infected individual to induce immune responses; the smallpox vaccine was developed along these lines. Using live viruses has many advantages, such as providing longer periods of protection and working with the body's immune system to provide a wider range of responses.

The second method under consideration is the application of subunit or killed viruses. Researchers using this concept believe that a stronger level of protection will be established than with a live virus, while removing the chance of HSV infection for those receiving the vaccine. Clinical trials using subunit vaccines have shown some success although it appears that more than one dose may be needed.

Results from clinical trials have been frustratingly conflicting, but researchers still see the data as promising. Additional clinical trials with adequate numbers of participants are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of a vaccine.

Herpes vs. Herpes: The Genetic Perspective
Genetic research may also hold a key to prevention. Herpes simplex, genetically neutralized, has been identified as a vehicle through which therapeutic products can be applied on the genetic level. Results of studies using modified HSV as a method of delivery in certain cancers have been promising. While these results relate directly to cancer treatment, they also lay the groundwork for the development of a herpes vaccine.

Resource

Whitely, R. J., and Roizman, B. (2002, July). Herpes simplex viruses: is a vaccine tenable? [electronic version]. Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 110, No. 2, 145-151. Retrieved August 23, 2002, from www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/110/2/145.



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