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Cold Sores: New Treatments, New Hope As anyone who has had them can tell you, cold sores are both uncomfortable and unsightly. While many studies over the last twenty years have been related to cold sore triggers, efforts are continually being made to find more effective cures and, hopefully, ways of preventing them. Cold sores, also know as fever blisters or oral herpes, are the visible result of infection by herpes simplex 1 (HSV 1); herpes simplex 2 (HSV 2) is responsible for genital herpes. In adults, neither virus is life threatening and, while the symptoms can be treated, a permanent cure has yet to be found. In addition to the painful blisters themselves, those with severe cases may also suffer fever, fatigue and swollen glands during an outbreak. A Connection Between Oral and Genital Herpes In recent years, much attention has been focused on the spread of both HSV 1 and HSV 2. Yet, even with increased awareness in the general population as to when cold sores are contagious, recent findings indicate that HSV 1 may be the most common cause of new cases of genital herpes! This indicates that the connection between the two conditions is not something that is common knowledge. Recognizing Triggers Understanding what can trigger an appearance of cold sores can also help people learn to identify when they might be most susceptible to an attack. Lack of sleep, emotional and/or physical stress, other viruses, such as cold or flu viruses, and even excessive exposure to sunlight can trigger an outbreak. During those times, it's best to avoid coffee and alcohol, both, which can weaken the immune system for those who are prone to HSV 1 outbreaks. Acidic foods, like tomatoes and eggplant, can also be triggers. Clinical Trials Key to Prevention While medications, such as Acyclovir, have proved useful in treating cold sore symptoms, much energy is being devoted to developing more effective methods geared toward prevention, in addition to herpes treatment. Clinical trials evaluate new ideas that borrow from cutting edge technology and even natural remedies. Mother Nature's Contributions Sdding certain vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, magnesium and vitamin B, to the diet can help the body combat the effects of stress on the immune system—stress being one of the most potent triggers of oral herpes virus outbreaks. Garlic, too, has long been touted as a strong anti-viral agent and has been suggested as an alternative (or supplemental) means of creating a line of defense against viruses such as HSV 1. Herbal preparations such as Pau d'Arco, ginseng, and echinacea are also cited as being effective in boosting the immune system. A recent study presented at a meeting of the Interscience Conference on Anti-Microbial Agents reported that a chemical compound found in red wine might be effective in stopping HSV 1. This compound is known as resveratrol. Modified by a group of researchers at Northeastern Ohio University College of Medicine, resveratrol was found to stop infection in 99.9% of clinical trial participants. This same compound has also proven to be useful in helping prevent heart disease. Medicine's Contributions Medical research continues to make strides toward finding more effective herpes treatments and, hopefully, an effective vaccine. In addition to Acyclovir, new compounds such a Valacyclovir and Famciclovir are used to treat cold sores and to limit the length of outbreaks. One of the more exciting studies is one that was recently conducted by the Dept of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine. Researchers noted that HSV 1 often alludes anti-viral drug therapies and even clinical immune screening due to its ability to lay dormant for long periods and then, with the correct stimulus, develop into an outbreak. The research team believed that if a compound could be found which inhibited the replication of the herpes virus either during the initial onset of symptoms or at the start of subsequent reoccurrences, it was possible to develop a vaccine. They were aware that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used in the preparation of many of the topical medicines used to treat affected areas because it enhances penetration of the medicine. The researchers wondered if DMSO also had other properties that could inhibit the herpes virus. Using a wide spectrum of tests, the team found that DMSO does inhibit replication of the virus. In addition, rather than simply enhancing penetration of topical applications, it enhanced their antiviral properties. These findings suggest that a new weapon may soon be added to the medical arsenal in the battle against cold sores; one which, could possibly turn the tide of this "silent epidemic." Resources Aguilar, JS, Wagner, EK, Roy, D and Ghazal, P. (2002). Dimethyl sulfoxide blocks herpes simplex virus-1 productive infection in vitro acting at different stages with positive cooperativity. Application of micro-array analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:9. Retrieved July 15, 2002, from www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/2/9. BBC News Online. (2000). Red wine 'can stop herpes'. Retrieved July 14, 2002, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/931850.stm. Richards, C., M.A. (nd). How to Beat Cold Sores. Retrieved July 14, 2002, from www.naturesthemes.com/article1035.html. Roberts, C. (2002). Study: Cold sore virus is cause of new genital herpes. Retrieved July 14, 2002, from http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/view.html?id=7182.

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