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Do Vitamins Really Make a Difference in Heart Disease? Both electronic and print media advertising have touted the health benefits of vitamin supplements, particularly antioxidants. Some of this material suggests that these supplements may reduce the chance of an individual developing vascular and/or heart disease. Clinical research is now focusing on whether the risk of heart problems or vascular disease can be reduced by vitamin therapy. A recent study was carried out by the Heart Protection Study Collaborators Group, made up of 69 participating hospitals throughout England. The efficacy of an extended course of antioxidant vitamins was measured utilizing a group of 29,536 adults between the ages of 40 and 80 who had previously been diagnosed with coronary or arterial disease. The group was given vitamin supplementation of three of the most popular formulations: vitamin E, vitamin C and B-carotene. In order to assess the impact of vitamin therapy, the study ran for a five-year period. The participants had regular follow-up visits and were tracked to monitor the development of any types of cardiovascular problems (as well as any other serious or life threatening illnesses). Based on previous research, the researchers predicted approximately 8000 occurrences of coronary related problems among members of this high-risk group. In order to prevent any subjective interpretation of the information, individuals who were not aware of the nature of the study gathered the original data. Surprisingly, two of the most important areas of study showed that a vitamin regimen had little or no effect on the number of patients showing symptoms of heart or circulatory disease. In comparing mortality rates for cardiac and vascular illness, the difference between the test and control groups in the number of events for each type of condition was less than one percent. The researchers also took into account such variables as the choice of antioxidant, the duration of treatment, follow-up care, and other factors that could have a statistical impact. The study group concluded that, even after receiving vitamin supplements for a five-year period, no benefits could be attributed to this course of therapy. A finding of great importance is that no significant decrease in the onset of heart disease in high-risk individuals could be attributed to vitamin therapy, even with antioxidant supplementation. The group noted that, given this disappointing result, recommending vitamin therapy, as a tool to prevent these conditions, would be difficult to justify. The researchers felt that greater emphasis should be placed on those protocols that have been shown to have a positive effect in reducing coronary and vascular illness. Obviously, the need for other clinical trials to identify and develop therapies that have a positive effect on the health of the heart continues to be as important as ever. Resource Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. (2002, July 6). MRC/BHF Heart protection study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial [electronic version]. The Lancet, 360(9326), 22-33.

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