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Migraines in the Age of Information

A countless number of jokes involving migraines and their cause appear throughout the electronic and print media. Yet, as anyone who suffers from their blinding pain can tell you, migraine headaches are no laughing matter.

An estimated 25 million Americans suffer from the condition, translating into a loss of productivity at work in excess of $13 billion annually. Now, in the new millennium, medical research is looking more in depth at the causes, the mechanics, and most importantly new migraine medications and other courses of treatment for this debilitating and misunderstood illness.

A recent gathering of medical experts and researchers from a broad spectrum of disciplines took an in-depth look at the various facets involved in the onset of migraine headaches. While traditional wisdom held that a variety of causes was possible, new research indicates that an attack is actually the result of a neurological disorder that leaves the individual susceptible to different stimuli or "migraine triggers" which manifest the symptoms. Further, current findings indicate that, at least in part, genetic makeup plays a role; some studies have even shown a family history of these kinds of problems.

Perhaps one of the most confounding issues facing doctors and patients in the 21st Century is diagnosing the condition. The complexity involved is illustrated by the fact that the International Headache Classification Index, which when developed in 1968 had 6 categories of related syndromes, but is now expanded to 18 identifiable types of headaches.

Each category has its own unique features and symptoms. The medical practitioner also has to rule out other potential sources of pain, such as trauma. The use of enhanced medical testing devices such as EEGs, EKGs, MRIs and CAT scans are also significant steps forward in making accurate diagnoses.

No one area, however, has made greater advances at the start of this new era than the development of treatments for migraine headaches, both to relieve the immediate symptoms and to attempt to control the frequency and severity of future attacks. The courses of managing this disorder can be separated into those based on the use of migraine medication and those utilizing non-drug therapies.

Turning first to the use of drugs, the panel noted that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics, such as ibuprofen, aspirin and other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) have proven effective in treating the effects of the disorder when given in prescription-strength doses. Newer formulas, such as ergot alkaloids and oral triptans, are also gaining acceptance.

The use of non-drug based therapies, with or without migraine medications, is also gaining significant acceptance. Behavior modification, therapeutic massage, acupuncture and even yoga are in play toward controlling the pain.

Resources

Minor, C. (2002, August 7). Disabling Pain. Waco Tribune-Herald. Retrieved August 11, 2002, from http://www.wacotrib.com/featr/newsfd/auto/feed/features/
2002/08/05/1028586184.04019.7773.1794.html.

Silbertstein, S., MD, FACP; Lipton, R., MD; et al. (2001, September). 21st Century Prevention and Management of Migraine Headaches. Clinical Courier, Vol 19, No. 8. (ISSN 0264-6684). Retrieved August 11, 2002, from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/doctors/OP129D_
Clinical_Courier_fa.pdf.



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