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Childhood Diabetes is a Serious But Highly Treatable Disease

Childhood diabetes, perhaps the most serious form of diabetes, is increasing at a frightening rate. Parents of children with diabetes are faced with an urgent need to treat the disease as effectively as possible, because the fatality rate among children and adults who contracted the disease during childhood is significantly higher than those who contract it later in life.

Diabetes is the inability to properly process glucose (sugar) from the blood into the tissues of the body, due to a lack of insulin production in the pancreas. This leads to high glucose levels in the blood, which damage kidneys, eyes, nerves and blood vessels.

Diagnosing diabetes in children is extraordinarily difficult because kids are often unaware of or unable to describe their symptoms to adults. Often, action is taken only when diabetic children have become gravely ill. For this reason, the damaging effects to the eyes and kidneys can be more severe than the corresponding damage that affects diabetic adults. Children with diabetes are also harder to treat due to their high activity levels and predilections for sweet foods.

Because diabetes in children begins while their bodies are still developing, it is considered the most severe and damaging form of the disease. Childhood diabetes can adversely affect the development of the eyes, nervous system and cardiovascular system. In fact, people who have had diabetes since childhood are five times more likely to develop kidney disease than people who were diagnosed with the disease in adulthood.

Treatments for Childhood Diabetes
Treatment for childhood diabetes is much the same as the treatment for adult Type 1 Diabetes. While diligent monitoring of blood glucose levels and administration of insulin are the primary treatments, maintaining healthy exercise and diet practices are also crucial elements. Since children seldom need encouragement to undertake exercise, the most difficult aspects to manage are blood glucose testing, insulin therapy and diet.

Because diabetic diets exclude many of the foods and ingredients that kids love, parents of diabetic children often have to make compromises to keep children within their dietary restrictions while still satisfying their needs for flavorful foods. Keep in mind that flexibilities in diet have to be compensated with more exercise and/or a slight increase in insulin dosage.

As with adults, children should be taught to recognize and quickly respond to adverse diabetic effects, such as hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. For this reason, all members of the family must be educated on the particular complications listed in the box below.

Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia and Ketoacidosis
Hyperglycemia, a condition caused by the build up of glucose in the blood, causes diabetics to become fatigued, confused, sweaty and thirsty. The treatment usually requires a dose of insulin.

Hypoglycemia is marked by an extremely low level of glucose in the blood, usually caused by skipping meals or taking too much insulin. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are the same as those of hyperglycemia. Treatment requires immediate consumption of sugar; usually some candy suffices.

Ketoacidosis, a condition related to hyperglycemia, results in high levels of ketones and organic wastes in the blood. Symptoms of and treatment for ketoacidosis are usually the same as that for hyperglycemia.

While researchers are currently looking for cures, one of the most successful treatments at this point is transplanting insulin-producing tissues that allow the patient to once again produce his own insulin.

Until a cure is found, parents should be aware of the symptoms so that children can be diagnosed as soon as possible. Symptoms of childhood diabetes include:

  • dehydration
  • increased thirst
  • increased urination
  • persistent vomiting, when accompanied by weakness or drowsiness
  • severe diaper rash
  • weight loss.
Learning to diagnose this serious disease in its early stages can reduce the long-term risks and damage that can occur to a child as a result of high glucose levels in their blood.

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