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A Slim Connection Made Between Breast and Uterine Cancer

Many of the risk factors that cause breast cancer are similar to those that cause uterine, or endometrial, cancer. Accordingly, the medical community has long suspected that a family history of one may increase a woman's risk of developing the other. The results of a fourteen-year study published in the Journal of Medical Genetics (November, 2002), has refuted this theory.

One of the key links between the two carcinomas appeared to be estrogen. Long-term exposure to estrogen, either made naturally by the body or delivered via hormone therapy, increases a woman's chance of developing breast tumors. Estrogen therapy has also been linked to increased chances of developing endometrial carcinomas.

Dr. Mark Greene of the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland headed the study. The study was both large and comprehensive: over 37,000 women were monitored over fourteen years. The study hypothesized that if a mother, sister, grandmother, or other close family member of a participant had breast cancer, then the woman was at a higher risk for the endometrial type.

Their hypothesis wasn't supported by the data collected. In fact, the results suggest that a family history of breast malignancies has no effect on the development of the endometrial type. If a woman has a close relative with a carcinoma involving both breasts, the risk of uterine involvement does increase, but this increase was so minor as to not pose a significant risk.

The study did reveal, however, that women with a personal history of malignant breast tumors are up to thirty percent more likely to develop endometrial cancer. The study results recommend that they should be closely monitored. Women in these circumstances are advised to report any postmenopausal bleeding to their doctor as soon as possible. If the disease is caught in the early stages, the patient has a high survival rate and the disease is relatively easy to cure.

Tamoxifen and Uterine Carcinoma
Estrogen hormone therapy without progesterone has been linked to an increased chance of developing uterine malignancies. (Progesterone has uterine-protecting properties.) Tamoxifen, a common breast cancer treatment drug that has also been prescribed for prevention of the disease, has properties similar to estrogen, and is considered a risk factor for malignancies in the uterus. Women receiving tamoxifen should be monitored carefully. Tamoxifen's ability to combat breast tumors may make it worth the risk of possible uterine complications.


Resources


National Cancer Institute. (Updated 2002). What you need to know about uterine cancer. Retrieved May 11, 2003, from
www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/uterus#4.

Reuters Health Information. (2002). Family breast cancer history won't up uterine risk. Retrieved May 11, 2003, from
www.cancersource.com/NewsFeatures/News/detail.cfm?
DiseaseID=9&ContentID=26296



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