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Proteomics: Using Blood Tests to Detect Early-Stage Uterine Cancer Each year in the United States, more than 7,000 women die of uterine cancer. If caught in the early stages, the disease has a high survival rate. Surgical removal of the uterus is the only curative option. Advanced cases are more difficult to cure. If the tumor has metastasized, or spread to other organs, surgical treatment may not be enough to save lives. The key is early diagnosis: a tricky proposition when the most common symptom, post-menopausal uterine bleeding, often appears only when the disease is well advanced. A new branch of science called proteomics may be the solution to this difficulty. Proteomics analyses blood for specific proteins. Different cancers release different proteins into the blood. If these proteins can be detected with certainty, the possibility of early-stage treatment rises. Proteomics was pioneered at John's Hopkins University, where, in 2002, researchers developed a possible screening tool for ovarian cancer. Machines called spectrometers are used to analyze proteins in the blood. The spectroscope analyzes proteins, molecules and other blood borne particles and classifies them by their weight and electrical charges. In 2003, researchers at the University of New Mexico's Cancer Research Treatment Facility developed a proteomics screening test for uterine cancer. The results suggest that the test may be 85 percent accurate. In spite of its fifteen percent false result rate, researchers are hopeful that their discovery may one day be used to screen for endometrial malignancies, especially as no other screening research has yielded such positive results. At present, the only reliable test is a biopsy, which cannot be used to screen for the disease. The clinical study that developed the blood test analyzed samples from sixty women with endometrial cancer, and compared them to a control group of thirty disease-free women. Dr. Kim Leslie, one of the professors involved in the study, points out that the project is still in the early stages, and that more samples must be analyzed to refine and improve the test. Leslie has high hopes for proteomics. Her hope is that one day proteomic blood tests could be developed to screen for multiple diseases simultaneously: "You can look at protein patterns and create a specific test like this for any disease," she said. "In the future, we hope you'll be able to go into your doctor's office, they'll draw some blood and it will go through proteomic tests that will analyze for everything." The effectiveness of proteomic blood analysis as oncology screening tools has yet to be improved by the Food and Drug Administration. If accepted by the FDA, doctors may finally have a tool to detect uterine cancer, and other malignancies, at their earliest stages. Resources National Cancer Institute. (2003). Proteomics research aids cancer diagnosis and treatment. Retrieved May 11, 2003, from www.nci.nih.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/aacrproteomics. Vorenburg, Sue. (2003). New test could help head off uterine cancer. Retrieved May 11, 2003, from www.knoxnews.com/kns/health_and_fitness/article/0,1406, KNS_310_1940061,00.html.

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