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New Throat Cancer Treatments: Intralesional Chemotherapy and the ONYX-15 Virus Surgery and radiation therapy have long been standard treatments for throat cancer, with chemotherapy playing a secondary role. New advances in chemotherapy medications and drug delivery techniques suggest that chemotherapy is becoming a more important throat cancer treatment option. Intralesional Chemotherapy Intralesional chemotherapy delivers anti-cancer medication directly to the tumor, in theory concentrating the drugs in the tumor and reducing systemic side effects. For years, the process has been of limited use because the drugs would quickly spread out of the tumor to the rest of the body. Recent advanced in how the medication is manufactured seem to be overcoming this difficulty. New preparation techniques ensure that intralesional chemotherapy drugs remain localized to the tumor. This has a number of significant advantages, which include immediate action on the tumor and sparing the rest of the body from the harsh side effects of systemic chemotherapy. The effectiveness of combined intralesional chemotherapy and radiation therapy are under investigation. In addition, new intralesional delivery techniques can be used for more than just chemotherapy drugs. Gene therapy medication, immunotherapy agents such as interferon, and even anti-throat cancer vaccines may be delivered using this method. Direct injections of chemotherapy drugs into the tumor may also help prevent tumor recurrences after treatment. Many cases of throat cancer recur at the original tumor site, so preventive chemotherapy injections may help maintain remission of the disease. ONYX-15 and Protein p53 One of the most promising new treatments to make use of the intralesional delivery system, uses the virus ONYX-15. Throat cancer cells lack a specific protein called p53. ONYX-15 seeks out and kills cells that lack the p53 protein. Injecting the virus into a throat tumor slows the growth of the cancer. Ongoing studies are examining the effectiveness of combining ONYX-15 treatments with radiation therapy. ONYX-15 may be even more effective when administered to cancer cells already weakened by radiation. The New Role of Radiation Therapy Intralesional chemotherapy and other novel treatments are receiving increased interest. This is especially true when the therapy is combined with radiation therapy. Studies of radiation therapy combined and chemotherapy have proven to be as effective as conventional throat cancer surgery. Non-surgical treatment options are also more likely to preserve the vocal cords than regular surgery, a very important factor in post-treatment quality of life. Monoclonal Antibodies Also in development are artificially created monoclonal antibodies designed to disrupt the growth of throat cancer cells, slowing tumor growth and cell reproduction.   Resources American Cancer Society. (nd). What's new in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer research and treatment? Retrieved July 7, 2003, from www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_6X_Whats_new_ in_Laryngeal_and_Hypopharyngeal_cancer_research_and _treatment_23.asp?sitearea=. Spaulding, M. B. (2002, Winter). Recent advances in the treatment of head and neck cancer: A patient care perspective [electronic version]. ORL – Head and Neck Nursing, 20(1). Retrieved July 7, 2003, from sohnnurse.com/Recent_Advances_article_5_16_03.pdf .

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