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Pancreatic Cancer: Genesis in the Genes Advances in the area of genetic research have provided scientists and physicians with new weapons in the battle against pancreatic cancer. This disease is the fifth leading cause of cancer fatalities in developed countries. Statistics bear out the stark fact that the survival rate following diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is under five percent. Current diagnostic tools are revealing the complex and diverse structure of this disease and suggesting new methodologies, which may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. The progress of pancreatic cancer is marked by a number of cellular mutations that occur in stages and are cumulative in effect. A recent study conducted in Spain focused on changes in the k-ras gene. Specifically, the researchers examined whether certain toxic manmade compounds, such as PCBs and DDT, contributed to an increase in k-ras mutations or not. Science had confirmed that pancreatic cancer exhibits the highest amount of k-ras mutations resulting in tumor development than any other form of cancer. Since this process seems to occur in early stages of the disease, identifying elements that increase the number of mutations would be of great significance both in diagnosis and possible prevention of pancreatic tumors. The team focused on a group of 185 cases of exocrine pancreatic cancer diagnosed between 1992 and 1995 in eastern Spain. From this test group, 51 cases were examined to see if a link could be established between high numbers of k-ras changes and exposure to organochlorine compounds, such as DDT and PCBs. The results of the study clearly established a correlation between high levels of organochlorines and high rates of k-ras gene mutations. The researchers also concluded that a number of variables, such as the time factor for tumor development and the fact that the levels of the compounds were five to eight times higher in those cases showing changes in the k-ras gene, virtually eliminate the possibility that the results of the study were mere happenstance. While acknowledging that the presence of organochlorines may not be the initiating factor in genetic mutations, the study suggests, at the very least, that exposure to these elements can increase mutation activity or limit the ability of tumor suppressors in the body to function properly. With a clearer understanding of the relationship between our 21st Century environment and the mechanisms of cancer, healthcare providers and policy makers may be able to formulate policies and protocols that can provide additional protection and prevention of this killer. Resources Porta, M., Malats, N., Jariod, M., Grimalt, J., Rifa, J., Carrato, A., Guamer, L., et al. (1999, December 18). Serum concentrations of organochlorine comounds and k-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cancer. The Lancet 354(9196), 2125-2129. Schneider, G., Schmid, R. M. (2003, January 22). Genetic alterations in pancreatic carcinoma [electronic version]. Molecular Cancer 2(1), 15-30. Retrieved February 19, 2003, from www.molecular-cancer.com/content/2/1/15.

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