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Protein as Tumor Fighter: New Hope for Pancreatic Cancer Patients Pancreatic cancer is one of the more lethal forms of cancer with exceptionally high mortality rates following diagnosis. Genetic research has identified the source of this disease as mutations of several genes, including those relating to tumor-suppressing agents. While surgery is the primary treatment, new molecular models indicate that proteins produced in the body may increase survival rates among patients and, possibly, provide clues to the development of a cure. Advances in molecular oncology have been focusing on a protein identified as SMAD4. This element is a tumor-suppressor that is negatively affected in over fifty percent of pancreatic cancer cases. A recent clinical study conducted at Johns Hopkins Hospital examined the relationship between SMAD4 and survival rates of patients following surgery to see if, in fact, a correlation did exist between active SMAD4 and a reduction in mortality. The research team selected 253 subjects who had undergone cancer surgery between 1990 and 1997. Additional follow-up information was provided through July 2000. The researchers believed that using a DNA index would provide data that would be independent of more traditional methods of tumor pathology analysis. Given the fact that many patients with the diagnosis live less than two years after surgery, the researchers were hopeful that measuring genetic proteins might provide some insight as to why some patients respond better to treatment than others. Data from the study strongly supported the supposition that enhanced pharmacological treatment protocols in conjunction with radiotherapy increased the odds of survival. This means that a combination of drugs and radiation after surgery appears to increase survival rates. However the researchers felt that some other variable had to be involved. When the presence of SMAD4 was taken into account, the five-year survival rate was nearly fifty percent, a figure far in excess of those cases where the protein was not expressed. Using cutting edge DNA indexing, the researchers were able to correlate the levels of the protein with the status of the SMAD4 gene. Additionally, the results of the test group revealed that when the protein was either not apparent or inactive, pancreatic cancer advanced more rapidly. This information is an important step, both in the area of diagnostics as well as therapy. A reduction in the amount of protein could indicate that the disease was becoming more aggressive. Similarly, new drug therapies might incorporate this tumor fighting protein. Research on the microscopic level clearly has vast implications. As new clinical trials are developed on the foundation of this and similar studies, the hopes of cancer patients, their families, and their medical providers grow ever brighter. Resource Tascilar, M., Skinner, H. G., Rosty, C., Sohn, T., Wilentz, R., Offerhaus, J. A., Adsay, V., et al. (2001, December 21). The SDMAD4 protein and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [electronic version]. Clinical Cancer Research 7(12), 4115-4121. Retrieved February 19, 2003, from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/12/4115.

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