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Interleukin-2 Injections and Oral Cancer Survival Rates

Interleukin-2 is a naturally produced cytokine that can be duplicated artificially in the lab. Like other cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) affects the body's immune response, stimulating the production of white blood cells, or lymphocytes, which protect the body from foreign substances and cancerous cell growths.

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is an artificial form of interleukin that has shown cancer-fighting properties. The FDA has already approved rIL-2 for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer and melanoma, and clinical trials suggest rIL-2 may have applications in the treatment or oral cancer.

The July 2002 issue of Cancer contained the results of a clinical trial headed by Dr. Antonella De Stefani of the University of Turin, Italy. The trial investigated the use of interleukin injections in combination with surgery and radiation therapy when applied to oral or oropharynx cancers.

Some 220 individuals took part in the trial. All participants suffered from squamous cell carcinoma that could be treated by surgical intervention. Such tumors are referred to as resectable because they can be surgically removed. The control group was treated with standard surgery and radiation therapy. The other participants received interleukin-2 injections before and after surgery. The injections were administered to the lymph nodes closest to the cancer site. After surgery, interleukin therapy continued for a year, with participants receiving five days of injections once a month.

According to the study results, IL-2 demonstrated a capacity to lengthen remission times. After three years, 69 percent of participants receiving IL-2 were in remission, compared with 52 percent of the control group.

The gap between the interleukin participants and the control group remained constant over the next five years. After five years, 64 percent of the IL-2 group showed no signs of the cancer, compared with 51 percent of the control group. Out of the original 220 participants, 202 completed the study.

Interleukin injections were well tolerated by the participants, and few side effects were reported. The overall survival rate for participants receiving interleukin injections was 73 percent, compared with only 55 percent for the control group.

The study results suggest that IL-2 could play an important role in preventing oral cancer relapse after surgery and radiation therapy intervention. The high tolerance rate for the injections also offers hope that IL-2 may one day become an approved mouth cancer treatment. Further clinical trials are planned to investigate the potential of IL-2.

Biological Therapy: Boosting the Immune System
Interleukin is just one of a number of biological therapy agents under investigation. Cancer cells appear similar enough to healthy cells that the immune system often has difficulty distinguishing malignant growths from normal cells. Biological therapy provides a boost to the immune system, making it more likely to identify malignant cells as a threat.

Resources

CancerConsultants.com. (2002). Proleukin® injections improve survival in locally advanced cancers of the mouth and pharynx. Retrieved June 11, 2003, from www.411cancer.com/syndication/veContent.jsp?
ArticleID=headneck_july02&clinicid=1&ArticleTypeID=NEWS .

National Cancer Institute. (updated 2002). Biological therapies: Using the immune system to treat cancer. Retrieved June 11, 2003, from cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/7_2.htm.

Reuters Health. (2002, August 1). IL-2 improves postoperative survival in oral cancer patients. Retrieved June 11, 2003, from www.cancerpage.com/news/article.asp?id=4693.



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