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Lung Cancer in the 21st Century: New Treatments, New Hope

Of all the forms of cancer in the United States, lung cancer is considered the deadliest. Statisticians estimate that, in 2002 alone, nearly thirty percent of all cancer-related deaths will be connected to this form of the disease. As daunting as these statistics may be, medical research is continuing to push forward in its efforts to find diagnostic and therapeutic tools that meet the onslaught of this illness head on and increase the odds of survival for those who fight it.

Perhaps one of the most important developments in the creation of new strategies has been in the area of genetic research. As our understanding of DNA synthesis of cancer cells has increased, so, too, has the methodology for inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells.

Halting Tumor Growth with EGFR & VEGF
One target for growth inhibition therapy is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which appears to be directly correlated to the development of cancerous cells. If EGFR can be reduced or blocked by drug therapies, the chance for remission and survival are increased.

One regimen that appears to hold great promise is the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as a compound identified as ZD1839, in conjunction with more traditional drug and/or chemical formulas. Early trials were successful in blocking the EGFR receptor while reducing the negative impact of more traditional treatments. The reduction of the toxicity levelof the therapy, in and of itself, would enhance the quality of life for those who are receiving it and, most certainly, reduce the chance that other non-cancerous conditions would attack a system already weakened by disease.

Other genetic-based therapies targeted at various antibodies and inhibitors (such as the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF) also hold promise as potential means of retarding the development of cancer cells. This kind of genetic based treatment appears to have fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy. Further genetic research promises to expand this area and to provide additional avenues for treatment and control.

The Personalized Tumor Vaccine
Although the development of a vaccine is still in its infancy, cutting-edge research aimed at creating an overall tumor vaccine utilizing a patient's own cells altered with a gene-based enhancement is currently undergoing clinical trials. This focus on the molecular level promises new methodologies to attack lung cancer.

The increased understanding of cell development, growth and mutation is giving researchers a different view of how to attack this family of diseases in such a fashion as to halt the spread of the diseased cells without harmful side effects of many traditional drug and radiation based treatments.

Resource

Bunn, P. A. (2002, August 5). New targeted therapies for lung cancer: Expectations and reality. Medscape Hematology-Oncology eJournal 5(4).



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