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Proleukin: Determining Dosage Amounts Proleukin (aldesleukin) is an artificial version of a naturally occurring immune system stimulator called human interleukin-2, or simply IL-2. The medication is used to treat metatstatic kidney cancer. Proleukin functions by stimulating the body's immune system, allowing the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. The biggest difficulty of Proleukin therapy is the number of adverse side effects that are produced by large doses of the medication. At high doses, aldesleukin side effects can be seriously detrimental, causing capillary leak syndrome changes to mental state flu-like symptoms fluid retention heart difficulties low blood pressure requiring hospitalization low kidney function low lung function respiratory distress. The seriousness of high dosage complications has led some medical professionals to prescribe Proleukin at lower doses, in the hope of reducing adverse effects. A team of National Cancer Institute researchers examined Proleukin doses in 2002 to determine how dosage levels affect both side effect frequency and cancer-fighting ability. Essentially, the study attempted to determine whether a decreased cancer-fighting capacity was worth the reduction of side effects. The study compared three different types of dosage and delivery: high-doses injected intravenously, low doses injected intravenously, and low doses delivered subcutaneously (beneath the skin). The results confirmed what researchers already suspected: low doses of Proleukin, while reducing the chance of side effects, also reduced the drug's ability to fight cancer. A fifty percent drop in cancer levels was used as a benchmark. Of the patients treated with high doses delivered intravenously, 21 percent reached this benchmark. Only 13 percent of patients on low intravenous doses reached this level. Of the participants receiving low doses delivered under the skin, only 10 percent reached the benchmark. The study determined that treatment effects, not surprisingly, lasted longest with higher doses. Low doses had a reduced effect and a shorter duration, but also reduced side effects. Survival rate data yielded the most interesting results. No noticeable difference appeared between survival rates among the three groups, no matter how high or low the dosage of Proleukin. Researchers speculated that the time period allocated to the study was insufficient to note survival rate differences. A study with a longer time frame might reveal whether high doses of Proleukin improve survival rates more effectively than other doses. Further Proleukin clinical trials may investigate evaluate the medication for use as a complementary therapy for chemotherapy or other treatments. Continued study on appropriate doses is also required, especially becuase this study revealed no differences in survival rates. Patients on Proleukin and other kidney cancer medications are encouraged to ask their doctors about clinical trials. Each trial furthers our understanding not only of medication properties, benefits and risks, but also of the nature of renal cell carcinoma itself. Resources Cancer Consultants. (2002). Increased response rates with high-dose Proleukin for metatastic renal cell carcinoma. Retrieved May 13, 2003, from www.cancerconsultants.com/syndication/veContent.jsp? ArticleID=renal_nov02&clinicid=1&ArticleTypeID=News. Centerwatch. (2000). Drug name: Proleukin. Retrieved May 13, 2003, from www.centerwatch.com/patient/drugs/DRU391.html.

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