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Clinical Trials Unveil Advances in Lupus Treatments

One of the more insidious and confounding conditions faced by medical researchers, patients and their families and physicians is systemic lupus erythematosus, more commonly known simply as "lupus" or SLE. This disorder predominantly attacks the immune systems of younger women. The worldwide ratio of female to male sufferers is an astounding 10 to 1. The disease can affect a variety of organs including skin, kidneys and the nervous system. With the prospect of shortened life spans, an array of symptoms, and ever-increasing health care costs, the need to find treatments for this illness is urgent.

Medical research is currently focused on both understanding the disorder and providing symptomatic treatment. Genetic studies, performed by organizations such as the Human Genome Project, are geared toward identifying the gene that may reveal an individual's susceptibility to developing SLE, how severe the onsets may be and what medications may be useful. Development of gene therapy, identification of delivery vehicles, and the recognition of genetic markers denoting changes in the immune system will be useful in enhancing medical intervention.

An example of the kind of research being conducted on the treatment side of the issue was a comparison of types of drug therapy for one of the more critical SLE conditions. The study, carried out by Dr. Tak Mao Chan and other members of the Hong Kong-Guangzhou Nephrology Study Group, observed a group of 43 patients diagnosed with proliferative lupus nephritis over a two-year period.

Currently, a combination of non-steroidal drugs, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, is used to treat one of the most dire of lupus manifestations: lupus nephritis. As with many medications used, the side effects of these two drugs are often adverse and could even lead to an increased risk of cancer. Chan and his associates explored the possibility of substituting the drug mycophenolate mofetil for the cyclophosphamide in an effort to reduce or control these reactions.

When the results of the two groups were compared, the group that had mycophenolate mofetil as part of its drug regimen had a remission rate of 81 percent as opposed to 76 percent of the control group that took the traditional combination. The incidence of side effect occurrences was even more impressive: infections following the course of treatment for the test group was only 19 percent as opposed to 33 percent for the control group. The control also had a variety of other side effects not evident in the test group.

In the battle against lupus massive strides are being made in both treatment and diagnostic research. With the kind of advances being made, sufferers have hope that the battle will be won soon.

Resources

Isenberg, D. A., Karassa, F. B.,Chan, T. M. (2001, February). Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 344, 382-383.

Kimberly, R. P. (2001). Research advances in systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(5), 650-651.

ed August 23, 2002, from www.itmonline.org/arts/lupus.htm.



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